Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license
Authors
1
Master's student of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabatabae’i University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3
Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabatabae’i University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
This article employs to Psychological-Cultural examine the barriers to the formation of peasant uprisings in Iran, spanning from the Safavid period to the land reforms of 1963. This study proposes a multi-level framework that analyzes the factors influencing this phenomenon at individual, collective, cultural, and structural levels. The framework is grounded in concepts such as learned helplessness and everyday resistance, the absence of collective self-efficacy and social identity, traumatic historical memory and religious legitimation, as well as entrenched obedient identities within socio-economic structures. The findings indicate that factors such as fear and learned helplessness have directed peasants toward everyday resistance rather than uprising, thereby institutionalizing a belief in the futility of protest within their mindset; religious narratives, incorporating elements like fatalism, have served to justify and legitimize the existing order; geographical dispersion has limited the potential for solidarity and shared class identity; and the landlord-peasant structure, coupled with patriarchal systems, has internalized the prevailing order, thereby impeding the emergence of peasant movements. By presenting a multifaceted psychological model through a historical-analytical method and drawing on library-based sources, this research offers a fresh perspective on Iran's political-social history, fills the gap in psychological analyses in this domain, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of Iran's political history during this period.
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