Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license
Authors
M.A. student, English Language Teaching, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
Abstract
Awḥadi Maraghe'i, an Iranian Sufi poet, flourished primarily in Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanate period. His magnum opus, Jam-e Jam, is an unparalleled masterpiece of Persian literature, celebrated for its profound engagement with ethical, social, mystical, and philosophical themes. As a quintessential representation of medieval Persian literature, this work holds immense historical significance. It is widely regarded as his most distinguished and renowned composition, also known as Jam-e Jahannama (The World-Revealing Cup). Composed in 733 AH (1333 CE) and comprising 5,000 verses, Jam-e Jam reflects the poet’s adept use of anecdotes to articulate and reinforce its themes. While Awḥadi drew inspiration from Sanai’s Hadiqat al-Haqiqa (The Garden of Truth), his work distinguishes itself through its coherent and meticulously organized structure. In Jam-e Jam, Awḥadi assembled 133 mystical and didactic poems, elevating his work to a position of prominence in political, social, and religious discourse, surpassing Sanai’s Hadiqa, which contains approximately 70 such poems. From a structural perspective, this masnavi can be analyzed through various linguistic elements, including phonological, syntactic, semantic, and lexical features. Furthermore, its narrative components—such as plot, characterization, narrative voice, tone, and setting—are subject to detailed exploration. Every literary text is composed of multiple interwoven systems or structures, including lexical, linguistic, and textual frameworks, with its meaning emerging from the dynamic interplay and tensions among these systems. Each of these systems operates according to its own rules and patterns, allowing for independent and systematic analysis.
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