The intellectual and cultural trend of refuting Sufism in the Safavid era

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license

Author

Department of History, School of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Sufism and Sufism have a special place in the history of post-Islamic Iran. The way people and rulers deal with this category has not been the same throughout the history of Iran. Sufism and the Sufis related to it have been faced with popular favor and the sympathy of the rulers in a period based on social and political conditions, and at times it has been pursued and determined, and it has been criticized and rejected from an intellectual point of view.This issue was one of the tense issues during the Safavid period. The conflict between the views of Sufis and the jurists reached its peak in this period. Fighting against Sufism and Sufism and preventing the distortion of Shi'ism was always one of the most important concerns of the scholars of the Safavid era. One of the ways of this struggle was to write rebuttalsBased on this, the religious scholars decided to expose the invalidity of Sufis' beliefs and teachings by writing a refutation of Sufism and prevent them from distorting the religion.Of course, dealing with Sufis was not only theoretical, but also practical measures were taken which played an effective and significant role in informing people and society about the deviations of Sufiism and rejection of Sufis. It also motivated the Safavid government to fight deviations and heresies. This article tries to express the effects of these refutations on the people and society of the Safavid era.

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Publisher: University of Tabriz       Copyright © The Authors   

   

 

This is an open access article distributed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Iranian History of Culture
Volume 2, Issue 2
September 2025
Pages 175-187

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 December 2023
  • Revise Date: 16 January 2024
  • Accept Date: 02 February 2024
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2025

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